Sciatica
is the term used to describe nerve pain in the buttocks, legs and feet. It is
caused when the sciatic nerve – the longest nerve in the body – becomes
compressed or irritated. If you’re suffering with pain that radiates down the back
of your leg and into your feet, it could be sciatica.
What is the Sciatic
Nerve?
The
sciatic nerve starts at the lower spine before running through the buttock,
down the back of the thigh and into the foot. It’s an important nerve that
sends signals from the spinal cord to the entire lower body.
Because
of its location and length, the sciatic nerve has a variety of functions.
That’s why sciatica can result in pain throughout the entire lower body, and
can even lead to coughing, sneezing and muscle contractions.
What Causes Sciatica?
There are
a number of potential causes for a compressed or irritated sciatic nerve. Some
of the most common include:
- Slipped disc. If the outer casing
of a disc in your spine becomes herniated, the interior of the disc bulges more
than it should. This can lead to compression of the sciatic nerve, resulting in
pain and discomfort.
- Spinal injury. If you injure your
spine, or the muscles that support the spine, inflammation can press on the
sciatic nerve.
- Spinal stenosis. Sometimes the
passage holding the spinal cord can become narrowed – often due to large ligaments.
In some cases, this can cause compression on the sciatic nerve. Spinal stenosis
often results in pain in the lower back.
- Spondylolisthesis. This is a condition
where a vertebra moves more than it should. It can either be caused by ageing
or repeatedly bending the spine in an unnatural way.
- Spinal infection. This is less common,
but is a potential cause of sciatic pain.
The
amount of pain, loss of sensation or tingling can vary depending on how much
the nerve has been compressed or irritated. The location of the nerve
compression can also affect where the pain radiates.
How is Sciatica
Treated?
Each
cause of sciatica requires a specific treatment plan to effectively reduce
compression on the sciatic nerve and eliminate pain.
Traditional
treatment for sciatica usually involves a combination of pain-killing medications and rest. This can sometimes be effective
at reducing pain in the short-term. The problem is that it only treats the
symptoms of sciatica, meaning the pain often returns at a later date.
Physiotherapy
exercises are another common treatment. Unlike pain-killing medication, these
exercises treat the underlying problem – but it’s vital that the right exercises are performed for a
specific cause of sciatica. The wrong exercises can worsen pain and increase
the time taken for recovery.
It’s a
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